Targeted at IoT applications, the reduced-capability in 5G will support a wide range of devices and applications that don’t need high speed, but do need low latency and high-reliability. 5G’s real promise comes not from mobile phones, but from industrial and business applications where network operators hope to recover the huge investments they’ve made in…
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How an integrated PMIC can optimize your data concentrator design
By Shashank Sharma, Texas Instruments For years, countries have been reforming their advanced metering infrastructure with smart meters, which measure not only electrical energy consumption and transfer that data to utility companies, but also enable two-way communication between the consumer and utility companies. This data includes consumption behavior, system monitoring, tamper detection, and customer billing. […]
What are reflectionless filters? Part 4: Implementations
Standard filters reflect unwanted stopband energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stopband and passband which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. Filters are an area of intense interest, analysis, simulation, and often physical fabrication along with tests and academic papers. Yet, for hands-on design engineers, it’s important to be […]
What are reflectionless filters, Part 3: Basic principles
Standard filters reflect unwanted stopband energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stopband and passband, which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. Beginning in 2011, Dr. Matthew A. Morgan of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Charlottesville, West Virginia, working with Tod A. Boyd and later with Wavley M. […]
What is Fourier transform IR spectroscopy?
Most EEs probably think of a Fourier transform in terms of an operation that converts time-based waveforms on a scope into their component frequencies. But Fourier transforms also play a role in infrared spectroscopy. It might be easiest to explain Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by contrasting it with conventional spectroscopy. Also called “dispersive spectroscopy,” the […]
What are reflectionless filters? Part 2: The need
Standard filters reflect unwanted stop-band energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stop band and pass band which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. The higher frequency world of hundreds of megahertz and into gigahertz is very different than the low-frequency world. It is a world where design tools […]
What are reflectionless filters? Part 1: Context
Standard filters reflect unwanted stopband energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stopband and passband which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. Filters are an inherent, inescapable, necessary component in electrical and electronic circuits. Modern systems would be impractical and likely impossible without filters, whether at low frequencies down to […]
Satellite-based search-and-rescue, Part 4: Enhancements, even the moon
A sophisticated satellite-based system allows pinpointing a person’s location in a dangerous, isolated situation on land or sea. It thus hopefully speeds their subsequent rescue in many cases. This final part looks at the next generation of system satellites and some ideas for a similar lunar system. The MEOSAR satellites The most recent enhancement to […]
Satellite-based search-and-rescue, Part 3: Space segment and satellites
A sophisticated satellite-based system allows pinpointing a person’s location in a dangerous, isolated situation on land or sea. It thus hopefully speeds their subsequent rescue in many cases. Cospas-Sarsat uses three types of satellites: low-Earth orbit search-and-rescue (LEOSAR), medium-Earth orbit search-and-rescue (MEOSAR), and high-altitude geosynchronous orbit search-and-rescue (GEOSAR satellites). There are five LEOSAR, seven GEOSAR, […]
Private 5G: What is it? How does it work?
Private networks, whether operated by users or by wireless carriers, requires radios, addressing, timing, and automation to make them run.