Prior to the digital revolution in electronic instrumentation, oscilloscopes displayed waveforms on cathode ray tube screens. Modern digital oscilloscopes universally have flat screens. The flat screen is light, thin, consumes far less energy, and is less expensive to manufacture. All agree that it is a great improvement. The one advantage of CRT technology is that […]
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Analog Top Talks in January 2019 on EDABoard.com forums
Peer-to-peer, engineer-to-engineer questions and answers from the EDABoard.com engineering community around analog ICs and analog design. Click the “Read more” link and follow the entire conversation and maybe add your two cents by logging in to EDAboard.com. How to design a thermostat without microcontroller – I want to have an electronic thermostat when the temperature reaches to […]
Power Electronics Top Talks in January 2019 on EDABoard.com forums
Peer-to-peer, engineer-to-engineer questions and answers from the EDABoard.com engineering community around power electronics. Click the “Read more” link and follow the entire conversation and maybe add your two cents by logging in to EDAboard.com Driving induction motor using TRIAC – The induction motor is 230VAC. I have to drive a 230VAC induction motor in both directions […]
Microcontroller Top Talks in January 2019 on EDABoard.com forums
Peer-to-peer, engineer-to-engineer questions and answers from the EDABoard.com engineering community around microcontrollers. Click the “Read more” link and follow the entire conversation and maybe add your two cents by logging in to EDAboard.com. PIC12F683 pin high problem – I’m using PIC12F683 which reads through ADC voltage and blinks led in various frequencies. That part works […]
Mitigating ac motor-shaft voltage and bearing currents
Bearing problems are the greatest single contributing factor in motor failure. Often motor damage happens before bearing wear is noticeable. To avoid expensive repairs and costly downtime, early detection is essential. Proper installation of replacement bearings and correct lubrication are critical. It is well known that insufficient lubrication brings early bearing failure, but many maintenance […]
Understanding the general principles and safeguards in IEC 62368-1
by SGS Group On December 20, 2020, the mandatory safety standard for audio, visual, information and communication equipment, under the requirements of the European Union’s (EU) Low Voltage Directive (LDV) and Radio Equipment Directive (RED), will become EN 62368-1. EN 62368-1, and the US version UL 62368-1, are based on IEC 62368-1(edition 2.0). This replaces […]
The difference between metal conductors and waveguides
Manufacturers of instrumentation are striving to satisfy the demands of modern electronics which continuously require greater bandwidth. There has been a growing tendancy to incorporate waveguides, ranging from extremely small units soldered into printed circuits, to larger devices mounted in enclosures. The natural question that arises is how waveguides differ from ordinary wiring, and why […]
Protecting an MCU: Build your own optocoupler
Microcontrollers are widely used for controlling transistors and relays. Transistors and relays are used for actuating or (energizing) equipment with a higher voltage than an MCU can handle. For example, fans, lights, television, door locks, furnaces, and appliances can be automated using an MCU, however, most operate at higher voltages compared to the voltage tolerances […]
Analog computation, Part 2: When and how
Analog circuits based on op amps can be used to implement mathematical functions and are still useful in many applications due to their unique attributes. Part 1 of this FAQ looked at the basic need for and virtues of analog-based computational circuits. Part 2 looks at some implementation specifics and considerations. Q: What are the […]
Motor field-oriented control, Part 2: Implementation
Part 1 of this FAQ set the stage for a rudimentary understanding of FOC (field-oriented control) but did not delve into the math-heavy details. Part 2 now looks at some implementations, again without the underlying math. Q: If a designer wants to implement FOC, does he or she have to pull together all the hardware […]