A comparator, as its name suggests, compares two voltages or currents and determines which is higher. The usual implementation is with two inputs for the voltages that are to be compared and a single output that by mean of a logic high or logic low state indicates the higher of the two inputs. Typically, a […]
Test and Measurement Tips
Test gear handles end-to-end 5G NR-ready channel emulation
The PROPSIM F64 5G Channel Emulation Solution is said to be the industry’s first 5G New Radio (NR)-ready channel emulation solution. Keysight’s PROPSIM F64 5G Channel Emulation Solution enables chipset, device, and network equipment manufacturers to characterize end-to-end system performance of the latest 4G and 5G base stations and mobile devices by emulating real-world radio […]
Measuring pulse-width modulation outputs in industrial equipment
Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a widely used means of controlling power to large induction motors by means of variable-frequency drives (VFDs). The VFD is capable of varying the speed and torque of an otherwise single-speed ac motor, typically a three-phase 480-V induction motor. Typically housed in a floor-to-ceiling steel enclosure, the VFD modifies the power […]
Download speeds hit 2 Gbps on LTE
LTE download data speeds of 2Gbps have been hit using Keysight’s 5G Protocol R&D Toolset and Qualcomm Technologies’ mobile test device, powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon X24 LTE modem. Keysight’s 5G Protocol R&D Toolset, the industry’s first 5G protocol test solution, is part of Keysight’s suite of Network Emulation Solutions, the only seamless radio frequency […]
Multi-gigabit LTE evaluation functions support LTE-Advanced Pro protocols
Two Gigabit LTE software options for the Anritsu Signalling Tester MD8430A support the increased communications speeds associated with LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro). The LTE DL 6 Carrier Aggregation Option and LTE UL 256QAM Option extend the measurement capability of the MD8430A and provide engineers with a comprehensive test solution to accurately and efficiently evaluate LTE-A […]
VIDEO: Basic Spectrum Measurements in the Tektronix RSA306B PC-Based Spectrum Analyzer
Bench-type spectrum analyzers are generally more costly than comparable oscilloscopes, but the Tektronix RSA306B makes use of the owner-supplied PC to reduce the cost substantially while maintaining a full range of features and specifications. Hi and welcome to our 88th Test and Measurement Video. For today’s demonstration, we’ll go back to the Tektronix RSA306B Real-Time […]
Measuring polarization
Any treatment of wave polarization must begin with a discussion of the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves. That is because polarization either as a process or a state applies only to transverse waves, not to longitudinal waves. Longitudinal waves are those in which the oscillations are in the direction of propagation. Examples of longitudinal […]
Lock-in amps get AM/FM modulation option
Lock-in amplifiers can be equipped with amplitude and frequency modulation capabilities with the new AM/FM Modulation Option. This option enables coherent generation and detection of signals with multiple frequency components, such as amplitude- and frequency modulated signals. Up to three frequencies can be coherently combined to generate fully configurable AM signals. The three characteristic frequency […]
Software simplifies multi-Instrument setup, promotes fast data visualization
Keithley KickStart 2.0 software enables quick test set-up and data visualization when using single or multiple instruments. KickStart simplifies what users need to know about instruments so engineers can take instruments out of the box and quickly start gathering real data, complete with plots and quick statistical summaries. One of the most significant enhancements in […]
Understanding sampling modes in digital oscilloscopes
In a digital oscilloscope, the analog signal at the input, after attenuation/amplification and preliminary filtering such as for ac coupling, goes to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Each channel has a separate ADC, each with an external clock. Analog-to-digital conversion takes place by means of sampling. The samples are taken at specific rates and the amplitude […]