Copyright 2003 Globe Newspaper Company

The Boston Globe…02/10/2003

St. Louis — Coming to a home or office near you could be an electric Internet: high-speed Web access via ubiquitous power lines, of all things, making every electrical outlet an always-on Web connection.

If it sounds shocking, consider this: St. Louis-based Ameren Corp. and other utilities already are testing the technology, and many consider it increasingly viable.

This truly plug-and-play technology, if proven safe, has the blessings of federal regulators looking to bolster broadband competition, lower consumer prices, and bridge the digital divide in rural areas.

Because virtually every building has a power plug, it “could simply blow the doors off the provision of broadband,” Federal Communications Commission chairman Michael Powell said last month.

For competition’s sake, “absolutely, we would applaud it,” says Edmond Thomas, chief of the FCC’s Office of Engineering and Technology.

“We’re going to have an absolute stampede to move on this. This is a natural,” said Alan Shark, president of the Power Line Communications Association, which includes Internet providers such as Earthlink as well as utility companies. “It’ll change the way we do business on the Internet.”

While existing providers of broadband through cable TV lines or phone wires consider the technology intriguing, they stress that talk of it has been around for years, with nothing to show for it.

Existing broadband providers such as St. Louis-based Charter Communications Inc., the nation’s third-largest cable company, believe they have the edge because they are known commodities and can bundle high-speed Internet with video and even telephone service in some markets.

If ever deployed, power-line broadband “certainly is competition, but we feel our product would stand up well,” said David Andersen, a spokesman for Charter, which has nearly 1.1 million high-speed Internet customers.

Digital power lines are believed to be able to carry data at roughly the same speeds as cable or DSL lines. And because electricity is more prevalent in homes than cable or even telephone lines, a vast new communications infrastructure could be born overnight — notably in rural areas, where broadband access has lagged.

There, the scarcity of potential subscribers hasn’t justified the high cost of laying cable or building satellite towers. A December 2001 report by the FCC-created National Exchange Carrier Association estimated it would cost about $10.9 billion to wire all of rural America.

Even where broadband is available, many people have trouble justifying spending $40 or $50 a month for it, about twice the cost of popular dial-up services.

Now Ameren, which serves about 1.5 million electric customers in Missouri and Illinois, is studying whether its portfolio could include broadband over its medium-voltage distribution systems – and, more importantly, if it’d be profitable.

Keith Brightfield, heading the project for Ameren, says it’s too early to say when the company could deploy the technology, and the utility makes no claims it can deliver broadband cheaper than current providers. The goal, he said, is to be competitive at Internet access without losing focus on Ameren’s bread-and-butter energy business.

Companies have found that turning power lines into a stable, high-speed system of data transmission is tricky. Network interference and such things as transformers and surge arrestors have hindered broadband delivery.

But over the past few years, Shark says, many of those hurdles have been cleared with improved technology. Brightfield says previous efforts to deploy the technology in Europe failed because their electric system differs from that in the United States.

Still, there’s no shortage of skepticism.

“I think they’re a long ways from proving it, let’s leave it there,” said Larry Carmichael, a project manager with the Electric Power Research Institute. “It’s still at the very early stage of development.”

The technology works like this: data is carried either by fiber-optic or telephone lines to skip disruptive high-voltage lines, then is injected into the power grid.

Because signals can only make it so far before breaking apart, special electronic devices on the line catch packets of data, then reamplify and repackage them before shooting them out again.