The proving ring implements a simple principle of physics to provide precise and tangible indication of applied weight ranging up to hundreds of thousands of pounds Part 1 of this article looked at the basic problem of calibrating sensor-based data acquisition and especially the problem of calibration of weight and force. This part looks at […]
The proving ring – An alternative to dead-weight calibration, Part 1
The proving ring implements a simple principle of physics to provide precise and tangible indication of applied weight ranging up to hundreds of thousands of pounds. Engineers who work with sensor-based data acquisition systems know that verifying and calibrating the performance of the sensor itself is often the most difficult part of assuring the performance […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 4: Circuitry and advances
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. This is the final part of a four-part series on LIDAR systems and ToF techniques. The high-level block diagram of a LIDAR system inherently glosses over the many […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 3: Emitters, sensors, and scanners
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. This is part three of a four-part series on LIDAR systems and ToF techniques. At the front end of a LIDAR system is the photon emitter and its […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 2: Operation
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. This is part two of a four-part series on LIDAR systems and ToF techniques. Just as for radar and sonar, the LIDAR concept is simple but the execution […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 1: Introduction
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. Many of the major automobile vendors, along with well-known non-auto companies such as Google, are devoting major resources to developing autonomous vehicles (often called “self-driving cars”). These vehicles […]
RCA & Color TV: A dominant company and standard, both now gone – Part 2
Part 1 of this article provided context for the critical role of David Sarnoff, development of color TV, and RCA’s place in modern electronics; this part looks at the solution to the compatible color-TV challenge and the eventual corporate decline. Problems met and solved The first apparently intractable issue RCA had to solve was what […]
RCA & Color TV: A dominant company and standard, both now gone – Part 1
Analog color TV is now obsolete, but the story of its development shows both the power and fragility of market dominance. The ubiquitous presence and dominant positions of Facebook, Amazon, Apple, and Google in our lives – for good and bad – make it logical to think that these companies will be around “forever” and […]
Vacuum tubes we still (have to) use: The traveling wave tube, Part 1
The previous parts of this article explored the photomultiplier tube (Part 1 and Part 2), which is based on a simple, fairly clear physics principle, although building a high-performance PMT is an art and requires various skills, of course. This part looks at a microwave/mm-wave amplifier called the traveling wave tube (TWT – often pronounced […]
Vacuum tubes we still (have to) use: The traveling wave tube, Part 2
We live in a world of solid-state active devices that have made most vacuum tubes obsolete, but a few types remain as they are still indispensable. The previous part of this article introduced the traveling wave tube and its basic operation, along with some attributes. This part delves into some related issues. Q: What’s the […]
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