The hot wire anemometer for measuring fluid speed offers unique advantages but also has some challenging use issues. Part 1 looked at the basic principles of the hot wire anemometer. This part contains the discussion with issues related to calibration and practical concerns. As with so many other sensors, the HWA looks simple enough: It […]
The hot wire anemometer, Part 1: Principles
The hot wire anemometer for measuring fluid speed offers unique advantages but also has some challenging use issues. You are undoubtedly familiar with the classic wind-speed anemometer with three cups rotating as the wind blows, while a tachometer reports the revolutions rate (Figure 1). This is a “tried and true” way to measure large-scale wind […]
A new technique to maximize scan diagnosis throughput
by Jayant D’Souza, product manager Tessent group at Mentor, a Siemens Business Charged with the task of improving yield, product engineers need to find the location of defects in manufactured ICs quickly and efficiently. Typically, they use failing test cycles to perform scan diagnosis, which is then analyzed to reveal the location and root cause […]
How to make the most of low-cost satellites for remote IoT apps
It’s now cheaper than ever to launch small and nano-satellites into space thanks to NASA’s CubeSat Launch initiative (CSLI) – and this is excellent news for developers of remote Internet of Things (IoT) applications. For the uninitiated, CubeSats are research spacecraft that measure around 4 inches (102mm) long and are taken into space on rocket […]
The difference between instrumentation and differential amps
Many of the test instruments used in industry today have inputs based on instrumentation amplifiers. This kind of amplifier, sometimes abbreviated as InAmp, is itself based on a more fundamental amplifier setup, the differential amplifier. It can be helpful to understand how these two devices differ. A differential amplifier ideally amplifies the difference two input […]
The difference between SWR and TDR meters
In setting up transmission lines, it is often desirable to measure the amount of signal reflection. The relevant metric is the standing wave ratio (SWR). SWR is defined as the ratio between the amplitude of a partial standing wave at antinodes [max] to the amplitude of the adjacent mode [min]. Thus a ratio of 1.5:1 […]
Coriolis flowmeter, Part 4: The future
The Coriolis effect, a subtle and often-misunderstood principle of physics, has been adapted for highly accurate mass flowmeter instrumentation. Due to their attractiveness as well as technology advances, Coriolis-based flowmeters are also evolving; also, the effect has been noted in other interesting areas. For example, while the tubes of the meter are usually bent, straight-tube […]
Coriolis flowmeters, Part 3: Flowmeter design
The Coriolis effect, a subtle and often-misunderstood principle of physics, has been adapted for highly accurate mass flowmeter instrumentation. The application of the Coriolis force offered a new way to solve the long-standing problem of measuring the flow of material. In 1977, Micro Motion Inc introduced the first standard industrial flow meter based on the […]
Coriolis flowmeters, Part 2: The principle
The Coriolis effect, a subtle and often-misunderstood principle of physics, has been adapted for highly accurate mass flowmeter instrumentation. The first part of this article briefly explained the issues associated with accurate measurement of fluid mass and flow, a very common requirement in industrial, laboratory, and medical applications. The Coriolis Effect, or “May the Effect […]
Digital modulation basics, part 2: QAM and EVM
In Digital modulation basics, part 1 we examined the concept of quadrature modulation and signal generation. We showed a common block diagram for generating a quadrature signal (Figure 1). There is a corresponding receiver block diagram to extract the Inphase (I) and Quadrature (Q) components of the signal (Figure 2). The signal is converted to…
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