Cables and connectors may become artifacts of the past for communication electronics as the world moves to 5G standards. SHERI DETOMASI, KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5G is rapidly approaching and there is a lot of talk about over-the-air (OTA) testing – that is, testing without the DUT physically connected to the test equipment. I’ve seen test […]
What is a spirometer?
A spirometer is used to make the most common of pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It is a respiratory flowmeter that determines how well the lungs are working by measuring the amount of inhaled air, amount of exhaled air and how quickly it is exhaled. Used to diagnose asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other […]
Infrared cameras for PCB development and diagnosis
IR cameras can help size up the surface temperatures of electronic components, PCBs, and other objects to reveal unseen problems. ALAN J. LOWNE, SAELIG CO. INC. Thermal imagers, also called infrared cameras, capture a 2-D representation of objects in front of their germanium optics (ordinary optical glass impedes IR wavelengths). They present a visible version […]
Gyroscopes, Part 1: Context and mechanical designs
We now take as a “given” the ability to know where we are and where we are going, and do both with accuracy and precision (and with simplicity and low cost, but these are relatively recent developments. Prior to the availability of inertial measurement systems based on gyroscopes and accelerometers, navigation was a time-consuming, difficult, […]
Network topologies, Part 2: Advanced interconnections
Part 1 of this FAQ started out with conceptually simple, widely used, and indispensable point-to-point and bus topologies often implemented using RS-232, RS-485, and Ethernet standards. These basic topologies are suitable in many situations but are inadequate as the number of nodes increases, or as other performance issues become priorities. Part 2 looks at other […]
Voice-coil actuators, Part 1: Principle basics
When designers need a modest amount of motion and power, they naturally think of a motor. That makes sense since there’s often a brushed, brushless, or stepper motor that can meet the objectives, sometimes with some necessary add-on gearing. Or they may think of a solenoid for impact-type linear motion. This FAQ looks at another […]
Network topologies, Part 1: Basic interconnections
A network can be a simple and direct as a connection between just two points (nodes), or it can incorporate tens, hundreds, thousands and even more nodes. How these nodes are connected, how the network functions under ideal and stressed situations and traffic levels, and the key attributes of each network configuration is largely defined […]
Measuring earth’s magnetic field
Earth’s magnetic field is far stronger than that of Venus or Mars, and this single fact explains why life on earth is abundant while its nearest neighboring planets do not at present support life. Earth’s magnetic field extends from its outer core (where swirling molten iron produces a dynamo effect) up through the magnetosphere, extending […]
Programming automation using NFC tags
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a wireless communication technology that acts over short distances for two-way communication. The use of NFC tags is growing in several markets, including the medical, consumer, retail, industrial, automotive, and smart grid markets. NFC is a type of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. When two NFC enabled devices are very close […]
What are MRAMs?
MRAM, Magneto-Resistive Random Access Memory, is a type of non-volatile memory (NVM) capable of holding saved data even if the power is down or the power is accidentally cut off. MRAM — also called Magnetic RAM — is not new. It has been in the market for more than two decades, but there have been several […]
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