Hysteresis might be defined as something that happens when the physical state depends upon its history. The classic example of hysteresis in action is the residential thermostat. It has built-in hysteresis to prevent rapid cycling. It’s low cut-in and high cut-out levels are designed to prevent the heating/cooling system from rapid switching, which would quickly […]
More antennas, faster data transfer
MIMO and beamforming provide increased data rates than you can get using single, omnidirectional signals. Antennas convert between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in a metal conductor. In early communication system, antennas were often quite simple, perhaps just a half-wave dipole constructed of wire. We usually just had one antenna per…
RF/Microwave bandpass filter implementations, Part 3: Microstrip, Coaxial, and helical filters
Part 2 looked at two types of RF/microwave filters, but there are many more, including ceramic coaxial filters and helical filters. They are discussed in this part. Microstrip filters Microstrip filters are built as a carefully defined pattern on a PC board. There is almost no limit to the filter designs which can be built […]
RF/Microwave bandpass filter implementations, Part 2: Cavity and comb filters
The well-known and extensively analyzed lumped-element bandpass filter is generally not suitable for the RF/microwave region, but there are many distributed-element, energy-based alternatives. Part 1 of this article established the context for these RF/microwave filters, which operate in the spectrum from several hundred MHz and higher, and increasingly cannot use discrete lumped-circuit elements (RLCs). Instead, […]
RF/Microwave bandpass filter implementations, Part 1: Distributed filters
The well-known and extensively analyzed lumped-element bandpass filter is generally not suitable for the RF/microwave region, but there are many distributed-element, energy-based alternatives. Just say the word “filters,” and for many engineers, the mention of this topic stirs a mix of feelings ranging from fear to relief. Why fear? Because filters as a topic in […]
The hot and cold of thermocouples
The common temperature probe contains a thermocouple consisting of two dissimilar metals welded together to form an electrical junction. A voltage that varies with temperature is generated. Slightly less accurate than resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples cover a wide temperature range and respond quickly. Combinations of different metals create different voltage responses. All dissimilar […]
Video: OIF launches 224 Gbps project preview
Engineers will once again roll up their sleeves and figure out how to increase data rates because “we need fatter channels.”
Advancements create easy-to-use sensors
By Bill Schweber for Mouser Electronics Significant advances have been made in delivering high-performance, low-cost, easy-to-use sensors for a diverse range of physical phenomena, with progress often based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. There’s always been a widespread need for electronic sensors that can handle the diverse range of physical phenomena such as light, pressure, […]
How to select components for a digital-controlled Totem-Pole PFC
By Bill Luo (Luo Zhizheng), Sr FAE, ACEINNA Transducer Systems and Jason Zhang (Zhang Liang), AE Director, Shenzhen Advantaged Power Limited There is a lot of attention being paid to advanced power systems. Energy efficiency has become a critical capability in today’s world, due to pressures from every sector of the market. To achieve substantial […]
Rudiments of radiated EMI/EMC
Radiated emissions standards are generally more focused on higher-frequency noise sources. At about 30MHz, there is a transition between concern with conducted and radiated emissions. Above that frequency, conducted emissions are not usually a major problem. And below 30MHz, the various interconnects and conductors in most electronic systems are not effective antennas for emitting radiated […]
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