Accuracy, precision, and resolution are key parameters, each with a distinct meaning and implication with respect to system design and confidence. To the average person, terms such as accuracy and precision are somewhat interchangeable, and that’s fine. However, they have very specific and different meanings as well as design and test implications for scientists, engineers, […]
Don’t let system complexity discourage basic troubleshooting
A somewhat justified concern about damaging a complex system can also intimidate you from a basic investigation into a system problem. OK, I admit it: I avoided checking for an obvious problem due to my fear of making things worse in a high-risk situation. Fortunately, the only cost, in this case, was to my pride. […]
What are digital twins, and where are they on the “hype cycle”?: Part 2
Digital twins are getting lots of deserved attention, but are they the cure-all for whatever simulation issues you have? Although digital twins are undoubtedly valuable tools along with basic simulation, modeling, HITL, and others, the associated all-good/no drawbacks promotion concerns me. When a tool, product, or other development gets a lot of “pumping up” to […]
What are digital twins, and where are they on the “hype cycle”?: part 1
Digital twins are getting lots of deserved attention, but are they the cure-all for whatever simulation issues you have? Lately, I’m seeing what are called “digital twins” cited everywhere. What is a digital twin? In addition to having that very catchy name, it is a highly advanced model of the system which can be used […]
MOSA and SOSA join the lexicon of military frameworks: Part 2
These two military-focused architectural standards provide approaches to system-level development and sensor-centric designs. The previous part of this article discussed the Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) Reference Frameworks in Defense Acquisition Programs. This part looks at one realization via the Sensor Open Systems Architecture (SOSA). Q: What is SOSA, anyway? A: (Warning: there’s a lot […]
MOSA and SOSA join the lexicon of military frameworks: Part 1
These two military-focused architectural standards provide approaches to system-level development and sensor-centric designs. The military services have long had a dilemma with respect to technical standards and the long-term viability and compatibility of associated systems. On one side, they would like to be able to leverage the latest, newest technologies for the performance and cost […]
Why I was scared by a technical article
Sometimes what you think you know just isn’t so, and the reality is more than you care to accept. To keep up with new components, architectures, materials, design techniques, and various developments, I read a lot of technical articles written by credible authors. Usually, they are both informative and straightforward. But I recently can across […]
Confused about RF-band letter designations? That’s not surprising!
Frequency bands within the electromagnetic spectrum have multiple, sometimes confusing, overlapping designations. Electronics engineers must deal with the electromagnetic spectrum as a routine part of their wired and wireless projects. This spectrum of interest ranges from relatively low frequencies in the kilohertz (kHz) range (or perhaps lower) into the tens and even hundreds of gigahertz […]
The why, where, and how of automatic gain control, Part 3
There are many ways to implement the automatic gain control function, which is critical to proper performance of many wireless and other links. The previous parts looked at the AGC in the context of its broadest application of wireless links. This part looks at some other aspects of AGCs. Q: What other applications use AGCs? […]
The why, where, and how of automatic gain control, Part 2
There are many ways to implement the automatic gain control function, critical to proper performance of many wireless and other links. The previous section discussed the context and need for AGC. This section will look at the different ways in which the AGC function is implements, and some of the parameters associated with the AGC […]