Open radio access networks offer the option of placing network functions in different places along the signal path. That option, called a functional split, lets network engineers optimize performance and make tradeoffs.
FAQ
Validating power integrity in embedded systems
There are two primary considerations when validating power integrity in embedded systems; the operation of the various power converters and the power distribution system’s integrity. The relative importance of those two considerations depends, in part, on the power system architecture used. In systems with a centralized multiple-output ac/dc power supply, the power supply qualification is […]
Basics of audio filters
By Diksha Nama, contributor, Engineers Garage An audio system is designed to receive audio signals (via microphone), record audio in some storage, transmit audio (through wired or wireless communication channels), and reproduce audio signals (via speakers). So, the audio circuits perform signal processing for representing the sound in the form of electrical signals, manipulate the […]
How to verify ac/dc power supply performance
Designers specifying ac/dc power supplies are concerned with maintaining performance over a range of input and load conditions and complying with demanding international regulations for efficiency, standby power, harmonics, power factor, safety, and electromagnetic compatibility. Identifying relevant standards and the associated testing requirements is a critical part of that process. This FAQ will review some […]
Automotive LiDAR slides down the cost curve
Techniques now emerging from research labs will help make it affordable for next-generation autonomous vehicles to keep out of harm’s way. There’s a dirty little secret associated with the autonomous vehicle (AV) prototypes now feeling their way along roads and byways: Many of them depend on expensive lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors to detect […]
Basics of AC power measurements
Quantifying the performance of switch-mode power converters is an increasingly important aspect of system design. Systems are often required to meet standards for efficiency, standby power, power factor, harmonic distortion, and more. Switch-mode power converters have large capacitors connected to the ac input, resulting in complex input waveforms. Their performance cannot be analyzed correctly based […]
The pros and cons of the Raspberry Pi 400
In many ways, Raspberry Pi falls short as a full-fledged personal computer. The Raspberry Pi Foundation has tried to change this with its latest addition, the Raspberry Pi 400. Launched in November of 2020, the Raspberry Pi 400 is a single-board computer in the form of a keyboard, retailing at $70 per unit or $100 […]
What are inductive proximity sensors, Part 2
The first part of this article introduced the inductive proximity sensor. This second and final part looks at some more specifics of this sensor. Q: Are there different architectures and implementations? A: Yes, there are three basic types: 1) the magnetic elements alone are in the sensor. This separates the electronics from the sensing coils […]
What are inductive proximity sensors? Part 1
Non-contact sensing of a nearby object’s linear or rotary position in an electrically and mechanically harsh environment is a common system requirement. There are several ways to meet this objective, including sensors based on the Hall effect, the magnetorestrictive effect, and magnetic coupling. One widely used approach is inductive proximity sensing, which is effective, accurate, […]
Understanding the MIL-STD-1553B bus
by Duane Teachout, Product Manager, Cinch Connectivity Solutions Despite being over 50 years old, the MIL-STD-1553B bus is still widely used, which is probably because it is really good at its job. If you’re new to the standard, read on to learn more about its features, the terminology used and how to get the most […]