Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR), also called common mode rejection (CMR), quantifies the ability of an operational amplifier (op amp) to reject common-mode signals. Common-mode signals are signals that appear simultaneously and in phase on both inputs. This FAQ begins by defining what CMRR is and how it’s quantified, reviews some design considerations related to […]
Analog IC Tips
What is PSRR and why is it important in op amps and LDOs?
The power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) describes the ability of a circuit to suppress any power supply variations from passing to its output signal and is typically measured in dB. It’s most often used with operational amplifiers (op amps), dc/dc converters, linear regulators, and low drop out regulators (LDOs). For op amps, the PSRR describes […]
MLCCs handle 150℃ for automotive apps
Samsung Electro-Mechanics announced on the 11th that it has developed 13 types of automotive MLCCs with guaranteed use in a 150℃ environment with plans to supply them to global auto parts manufacturers. High-reliability automotive MLCCs with guaranteed use at 150℃ have been produced only by some companies, but with this development, Samsung Electro-Mechanics will step up […]
SP4T DC-6-GHz switch delivers high-power for RF applications
Menlo Micro has introduced a new single-pole/four-throw (SP4T) DC-to-6 GHz switch that provides best-in-class performance, reliability, and integration for 5G network infrastructure, test and measurement equipment, and other high-power RF switching applications. Built on Menlo Micro’s market-proven Ideal Switch technology, the MM5140 SP4T switch offers 25W power handling, ultra-low insertion loss, and the industry’s highest linearity, […]
94-GHz BGA sockets handle Xilinx FFVB676 packages
A new BGA socket design uses high-performance elastomer capable of 94 GHz and features a low inductance for use in applications characterized by wide temperature ranges. The GT-BGA-2175 socket is designed for a 27×27-mm package size and operates at bandwidths up to 94 GHz with less than 1 dB of insertion loss. The socket is […]
Thick-film resistors feature high temperature stability
Commercial and industrial power electronics increasingly demand robust power supplies with high stability and low thermal resistance. For these requirements, standard chip resistors may not be the best solution. Wide terminal chip resistors, such as Stackpole’s RMCW, provide terminations on the long sides of the chip to provide better current handling and thermal resistance. The […]
What are reflectionless filters? Part 4: Implementations
Standard filters reflect unwanted stopband energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stopband and passband which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. Filters are an area of intense interest, analysis, simulation, and often physical fabrication along with tests and academic papers. Yet, for hands-on design engineers, it’s important to be […]
What are reflectionless filters, Part 3: Basic principles
Standard filters reflect unwanted stopband energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stopband and passband, which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. Beginning in 2011, Dr. Matthew A. Morgan of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Charlottesville, West Virginia, working with Tod A. Boyd and later with Wavley M. […]
What are reflectionless filters? Part 2: The need
Standard filters reflect unwanted stop-band energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stop band and pass band which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. The higher frequency world of hundreds of megahertz and into gigahertz is very different than the low-frequency world. It is a world where design tools […]
What are reflectionless filters? Part 1: Context
Standard filters reflect unwanted stopband energy, but reflectionless filters present a seamless impedance across both stopband and passband which greatly improves performance of the RF signal chain. Filters are an inherent, inescapable, necessary component in electrical and electronic circuits. Modern systems would be impractical and likely impossible without filters, whether at low frequencies down to […]