Following on from previous discussions on the problems of analog signal integrity and isolation, I came across the Linear Technology LTM2886 for isolation of SPI or I2C interfaces. This is one of a range of isolated transceivers from Linear Technology covering RS422, RS485, RS232, SPI, I2C and USB. A clear advantage of digital rather than […]
FAQ
FAQ: What is an Op Amp?
By Janet Heath Op amps, or operational amplifiers, are fundamental building blocks in electronic design, mainly because these analog integrated circuits (ICs) are very versatile. Operational amplifiers can…
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FAQ: What is Feedback?
by Scott Thornton, technical writer Feedback is a term that describes comparing the actual output of a system to the desired output and adjusting the actual output to…
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How to maintain analog signal integrity
We often discuss signal integrity in relation to digital data and communications — trying to ensure a high-speed digital signal isn’t corrupted during transmission— but analog signal integrity is also important. It could be simply trying to preserve the signal quality and accuracy within a PCB, or it could also cover the problem of transmitting an […]
FAQ: What does Real-Time mean and when is it used?
by Scott Thornton, contributing writer “Real-time” essentially means “happening now or immediately responsive.” In engineering, real-time refers to systems that not only need to calculate the correct response,…
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FAQ: Choosing between a Sigma-Delta ADC vs. SAR vs. Pipeline
by Janet Heath, contributing writer Assuming that you are familiar with the fundamental specifications of an ADC and what they mean, the next step is to know your entire signal…
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Understanding Modulation and Mixing
Modulation is considered to be a radio frequency (RF) technique which refers to modifying a periodic waveform with another waveform. For example, frequency modulation takes an RF “carrier” signal (sine wave) at say 88MHz and varies the frequency slightly, based on your “modulating” signal which will most likely be an audio signal up to 15kHz […]
What are Hall effect sensors?
Magnetic sensors are typically Hall effect sensors (named after Edwin Hall who discovered the effect in 1879), whereby a small voltage difference can be measured across a conductor with current flowing through it when a perpendicular magnetic field is applied. They are available as small, integrated solutions with signal or multiple outputs, and analog or […]
How to achieve reverse polarity protection with ideal diodes
In battery operated devices which have removable batteries, you usually need to prevent the batteries from being connected the wrong way round to prevent damage to the electronics. If that is not possible by physical means you need to include some electronic protection. Physical protection can simply mean a polarized connector or a battery with […]
Going smaller & more portable with PCB embedded components
I recently came across the TDK SESUB-PAN-T2541 Bluetooth module. It is a complete bluetooth module consisting of a Texas Instruments CC2541 Bluetooth “System-on-Chip” (SoC) and the peripheral components required to use it – crystal, balun, and 15 other passive components. While it initially doesn’t sound that remarkable, when you look at the size (4.6mm x […]