A logarithmic resistor ladder consists of a resistor string and switches designed to attenuate a signal. The state of the switches can be considered to represent a digital code proportional to the logarithm of the attenuation ratio. Logarithmic attenuation is useful when a large dynamic range is needed. Audio volume control and fading/balancing audio signals […]
Telecommunications
Building-automation device delivers long reach Ethernet
Analog Devices, Inc. introduced a complete 10BASE-T1L Ethernet solution designed for building automation networks. Digital, connected automation equipment enables holistic building management ranging from heating ventilation, and air conditioning to occupancy comfort. The new ADIN2111 adds Long Reach Ethernet connectivity to controllers, sensors, and actuators, delivering insights for more efficient and sustainable building management. Ideally […]
Attenuators cover DC to 2 GHz
Model series 351-276-XXX* are a line of 50 Ω fixed attenuators that produce attenuation values between 40 and 80 dB in 1 dB increments. These devices are rated 2-Watts average power with 1.40:1 maximum VSWR. The operating frequency range is DC – 2000 MHz, the operating temperature range is -55°C to +100°C and the RF…
Signal generator uses DDS to produce clean signals
The M9484C VXG signal generator from Keysight supports up to four independent channels for testing 5G and satellite receivers.
Orchestration at the edge reduces network latency
Edge computing brings benefits to users by reducing network latency, thus improving services, but needs management orchestration. Here, we demonstrate how orchestration improves latency in an automotive edge-computing use case be reallocating network resources. Multi-access edge computing (MEC), commonly called “edge computing,” moves data processing to the edge of communication networks. Bringing computing close to…
The difference between signal under-sampling, aliasing, and folding
Most engineers today are sensitive to problems that arise when digital measurement instruments try to capture signals containing frequencies that are too high for the sampling circuitry to handle–undergrad EE programs typically cover Nyquist’s sampling theorem. Nevertheless, there are terms associated with sampling problems that sometimes get confused. Probably the three concepts most likely to […]
GNSS core bundled with Wi-Fi, UHF and 4G LTE features
Septentrio announces the launch of AsteRx-U3, which is the successor of the popular AsteRx-U multi-frequency GNSS receiver for construction, mining, and other machine control applications. This new product combines Septentrio’s latest triple-band precise positioning GNSS core with extended wireless communication features including Wi-Fi, UHF, and 4G LTE. The versatile connectivity features of this receiver make […]
Clock buffers, multiplexers meet stringent PCIe Gen6 spec
Renesas Electronics Corporation introduced the first clock buffers and multiplexers that meet stringent PCIe Gen6 specifications. Renesas is offering 11 new clock buffers and 4 new multiplexers. The new devices, which also support and provide an extra margin for PCIe Gen5 implementations, complement Renesas’ low-jitter 9SQ440, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1006 clock generators to offer customers a complete PCIe […]
The evolution of woven fiber optic circuit boards and connectors
During the ’60s and ’70s, the early mainframe computers and Telcom switches used complex dense wire-wrap technology. High-circuit-count copper backplanes and midplanes often relied on wire-wrap point-to-point, or pin-to-pin layouts. This involved lots of hook-up wire and singular micro-coax for the clock circuits. The wire-wrap pin backplane connectors at that time typically had round-wired edge […]
Connector standard helps pave the way to the IIoT
A new universal connectivity standard will help bring Single-Pair Ethernet to the Industrial Internet of Things. Eric Leijtens, TE Connectivity The rise of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) places new demands on industrial networks. With the increasing number of IIoT nodes, there’s a need for a simplified, economical communication infrastructure at the field level. […]